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Torah Wisdom

ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื!! โ€ข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื”"ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจืœื ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ 'ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื'

ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื!!  โ€ข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื”"ืฆ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจืœื ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ 'ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื'

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ 'ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื' ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจืœื ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืชืฉืข"ื•.

ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืฉืข"ื•:

"ืื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช"

ืืžื•ื ื”ย โย ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจื”ย โย ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืชย โย ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”ย โย ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื™"ื— ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืข"ื• ื’' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืืจืฆื™"ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื.

ื‘ึผึฐืขึถื–ึฐืจึทืชย ื”', ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื ึผึตืก ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจ, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื”, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดืคึผึถืกึทื—, ืžึดืœึผึตื™ืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตื“ึถืจ, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”, ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึถืช ืœึตื™ืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตื“ึถืจ, ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ, ื”ึธืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื–ึถื” ื”ึธืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื”, ืžึตื”ึธืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”... ื”ึฒืจึตื™ื ึดื™ ืžึฐืงึทืฉึผืึตืจ ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื ึทื—ึฐืžึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึตืŸ ืคึตื™ื’ึถื, ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึดืชึผึธื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื, ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื”, [1]ย ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ืจื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ.

ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื

ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืย ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื”, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”, ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืฉื‚ึตื›ึถืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื[2], 'ื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื' ื’ึผึดื™ืžึทื˜ึฐืจึดื™ึธื 'ื ึทื—ึฐืžึธืŸ', 'ื—ึตืฅ' ื–ึถื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึถื” ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“ ื™' ืž' ื–ึถื” ืžึตืึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึถื”. ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ "ืขึทื“ ื™ึฐืคึทืœึผึทื— ื—ึตืฅ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึตื“ื•ึน"ย (ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึตื™ ื–, ื›ื’), ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืœึทืข ืื•ึนืชึธื, ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืจึทืง ืฉืึดืคึฐืœื•ึผืช, ืจึทืง ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช 'ืึทื™ึดืŸ', ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฉืึถืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืžึตืึดืชึผึธื ื•ึผ 'ืึทื™ึดืŸ', ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื, ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช 'ืึทื™ึดืŸ' ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทื—ึดืฆึผึดื™ื.

ืงื“ื•ืฉื”

ื›ึผึดื™ย ืœึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืœึนื ืฉืึทื™ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึผื ืคึผึฐื’ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช, ืœึทืฉื‚ึฐืคึทืช ืึฑืžึถืช ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธืœึทื— ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึทืžึผึทื›ึผึนืœึถืช, ื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึนย [ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ืœึทืžึผึทื›ึผึนืœึถืช ื”ึฒืจึตื™]ย ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก ืœึทืžึผึทื›ึผึนืœึถืชย [ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืึถื›ึผึธืฉืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืึฒืกื•ึผืจื•ึนืช], ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืฉื‚ึฐืคึทืช ืึฑืžึถืช ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืึดื ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึฐืคึทื—ึตื“ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก ืœึทืžึผึทื›ึผึนืœึถืช,ย [ื”ึธื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฉืึนื‘ึตืจ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ึทื–ึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึผึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ื•ึน]. ืึธื– ืึธื“ึธื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถืึถืช ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืคึทืชึผึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ืœึดืจึฐืึธื™ื•ึนืช ืึฒืกื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืึฒืกื•ึผืจื•ึนืช - ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช.

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง

[ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจย ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืžึฐื›ึดื™ืจึทืช ื”ึธืึทื—ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ:]ย "ืขึทืœ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืœึนื ืึฒืฉืึดื™ื‘ึถื ึผื•ึผ, ืขึทืœ ืžึดื›ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื ึทืขึฒืœึธื™ึดื"ย (ืขึธืžื•ึนืก ื‘, ื•), ืžึทื” ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื,ย [ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึดืžึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืึถืช ืึฒื—ึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดืงึฐื ื•ึนืช ืžึดื ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื]?, {ื”ึธืจึทื‘ ืฉืื•ึนืึตืœ ืžึดื™ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผ: ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึตืฉื ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื? ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ื–ื•ึผื’ื•ึนืช? ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืึดื™ืœ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึธืึทื—ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ?} ื”ึตื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึถืฉื‚ึถืจ ืึทื—ึดื™ื, ืžึดืกึฐื›ึผึตื ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื, ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ืœึดืงึฐื ื•ึนืช ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื? ื”ึตื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึฒื ึดื™ึผึดื™ื? ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึตืึธื” ืึถืœึถืฃ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ืœึดืงึฐื ื•ึนืช ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื? ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึทื“ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ึตื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื, ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืœ ืฉืึฐื‘ึทืข ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื•ึผืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ ืขื•ึนื“ ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ืย [ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ื”ึธื™ึธื”]ย ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืœ ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื, ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืœ ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“, ืœึตื•ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืœ ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืื•ึน ืคึผึธื—ื•ึนืช ืชึผึตืฉืึทืข ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ื ึทืขึฒืœึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื "ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึทืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ", ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื, ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืœึทื— ื”ึธืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ื”ึทืจ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ื‘ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ื”ึธืขึฒื–ึธืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื,ย [ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึธืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื™ึฐื—ึตืคึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉืึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทืจึฐืงึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื›ึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืžึผึธื›ึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึธื” ื–ื•ึน, ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึธืจ ืœึนื ื”ึดืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื”ึทืงึผึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžึดืงื•ึนื“ึถื ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึธืจ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืžึดื ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึธื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื].

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืืŸ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึฐืงึปื“ึผึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช, ืึธื– ืคึผึนื” ื–ึถื” ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืคึผึนื” ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ื ืžึตืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืึธื– ืคึผึนื” ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึธื” ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืึธื– ืคึผึนื” ื–ึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึถื›ึถืช ืœึฐื›ึธืืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืก ืœึฐืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืงึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื ึธืชึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ึผึทืช ื—ื•ึนื‘ ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”ย (ื’')ย [ื“]ย ืฉืึถืžึผึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื–ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึทืก ืœึฐืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื[3], ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื ึดื›ึฐืฉืึฐืœื•ึผ, ืึธื– ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื ึถื”ึถืคึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐ'ืึทื™ึดืŸ', ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ืœึฐ'ืึทื™ึดืŸ', ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ืœึฐ'ืึทื™ึดืŸ' ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก ืœึฐืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืงึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ืžืกืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ

ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืย ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื”' ืžึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ: 'ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื'ย (ืžึดื“ึฐืจึทืฉื ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ื™"ื˜)ย [4], ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนื“ึตื, ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ. ืขึทืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื›ึดื™ ื ึฐื”ึธืจื•ึนืช ื—ึดื‘ึผึตืฉื ื•ึฐืชึทืขึฒืœึปืžึธื”ึผ ื™ึนืฆึดื ืื•ึนืจ"ย (ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ื—, ื™ื)ย [ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื“ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื ึธืชึธืŸ ืคึผึถืจึถืง ื•'], ืึธื– ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ื ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื.ย (ืžึฐื’ึทืœึผึถื” ืขึฒืžื•ึผืงื•ึนืช ืึนืคึถืŸ ืข"ื‘ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงืข"ื’), ืžึทืกึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืžึฐื’ึทืœึผึถื” ืขึฒืžึปืงึผื•ึนืช[5]ย ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ืึถืช ื”ึท-ืฉ' ืฉืึถืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ. ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืจึทืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธ"ื 'ืžึดื ึฐื—ึทืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”' ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ื–ึถื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึฒื—ื•ึนืจึทื™ึดื, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื–ึถื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึฒื—ื•ึนืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐืจึทืง ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื ื”ึดืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึฑืžึถืช, ืจึทืง ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืงึดื™ื‘ึธื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืฆึธืขึทืง 'ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“' ื”ื•ึผื ื–ึธื›ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึฑืžึถืช, ื”ื•ึผื ืจึธืึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐ-ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ ืœึนื ื”ึดืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืฉืึถืกึผื•ึนืจึฐืงึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืกึฐืจึตืงื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ืกื•ึนืจึฐืงึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืกึฐืจึตืงื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ืึถืช ื”'.

ืขื ื•ื”

ื›ึผึธืœย ื”ึทืชึผึทืึฒื•ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื ึดื›ึฐืฉืึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืจึทืง ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ื“ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืกื•ึนืฃ ื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ืึธื“ึธื ื ื•ึนืœึทื“ ืขึดื ื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื ืจึทืง ื—ึทื™ ืžึตื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ื—ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื—ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘, ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืžึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”[6], ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึธืžึทืจ "ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึทืชึผึธื ึธื” ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช"[7], ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื–ึถื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืžึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื—ึท"ื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™, ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืึฒืžึดืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืึฒืžึดืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื—ึท"ื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™, ืฉืึถื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื–ึถื” ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื ึถืฆึทื—.

ื›ึผึดื™ย ืขึทื“ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ึธื™ึธื” "ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœื•ึน ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืœึฐืจึนืืฉืึดื™"[8]. ืžึตืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ืขึทื“ ื ึฐืขึดื™ืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื–ึถื” "ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœื•ึน ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืœึฐืจึนืืฉืึดื™", ื–ึถื” ืจึทืง ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช, ื–ึถื” ืจึทืง ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื—ึตืœ, ืจึธื—ึตืœ ืžึฐืชึทืงึผึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช, ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึนืช, ื•ึทืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืœึฐื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึฒืกึธื“ึดื™ื, ืึธื– ืžึดืžึผื•ึนืฆึธืึตื™ ื™ื•ึนื ื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจ ืžึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึฒืกึธื“ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื™"ื ื‘ึผึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนื“, ื™"ื‘ ื–ึถื” ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื ึถืฆึทื—, ื™"ื’ - ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืชึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช, ื™"ื“ ื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย [ื‘ึผึฐืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”]ย ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืจึธื—ึตืœ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช, ืจึทืง ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืœึถื“, ืึถืช ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืžึธื”, ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื‘ึผึทืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืžึดื™"ื ืขึทื“ ื™"ื“ ื”ึดืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึฐื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื–ึผื•ึนื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ื”' ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผื•ึผืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืงึผึดื™ืคึดื™ื ื”ึตื ืขื•ึนื“ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื, ืึธื– ืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืœึฐืจึธื—ึตืœ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึตื™ืœ ืกึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึทืกึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึทืกึผึปื›ึผึธื” ื”ึดืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึฐื ื•ึผ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื“ึผึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™, ื•ึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ื“ึผึฐื—ึถืกึถื“ ื“ึผึฐืžึทืงึผึดื™ืฃ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผึธื” ื–ึถื” ืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืงึผึดื™ืคึดื™ื.

ืึธื“ึธืย ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืžึปืงึผึธืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื ึผึถืฆึทื—, ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ื ึถืฆึทื—, ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžึปืงึผึธืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื ึผึถืฆึทื—, ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื ืžึปืงึผึธืฃ ื‘ึผึธืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก ืจึทืง ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืคึฐืœื•ึผืช ื•ึทืขึฒื ึธื•ึธื”, ืจึทืง ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืจื•ึนื“ึฐืคึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื•ึผืžึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึธื– ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนืงึดื™, ืจึทืง ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดืจึฐื“ึผึธืฃ ื•ึฐื›ึปืœึผึธื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึทืชึผึธื ึธื” ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช, ืขึธืœึทื™ย [ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื—ึฐืœึฐืงื•ึผ]ย ืžึตื”ึทืคึฐึผืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึถึผืข ืœึฐืคึฐึผืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึถึผืข[9], ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืขึธืœึทื™ ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืงึดื™ื ืžึดืคึผึฐืกึดื™ืขึธื” ืœึดืคึฐืกึดื™ืขึธื”, ืžึตืึดืฆึฐื˜ึทื‘ึผึธื ืœึฐืึดืฆึฐื˜ึทื‘ึผึธื, ืคึฐึผืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึถึผืข ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึตืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืžึผึทืคึฐืจึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ื”ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืœึทื—ึฒืฆึตืจื•ึนืช, ืึธื– ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืžึดื’ึผึธื“ึตืจ ืœึฐื’ึธื“ึตืจ, ืžึตื”ึทืคึฐึผืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึถึผืข ืœึทืคึฐึผืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึถึผืข, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืชึผึธื ึธื” ืžึทื—ึฐืœึนืงึถืช, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผึทืชึผึธื ึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื–ึถื” ืžึทื—ึฐืœึนืงึถืช. ืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐืงึฐื™ืœ ืฉืึธืึทืœ ืึถืช ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” "ืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืคึทืืจ ื•ึธื•ืืก ืึดื™ืจ ื˜ื•ึผื˜ ืื•ึนืฃ ืึทื™ืšึฐ ืžึทื—ึฐืœึนืงึถืช", ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท?.

ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืงืœ

ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”ย ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐืงึถืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ื›ึผึธื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื[10], ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืจึธืฆึธื” ืฉืึถืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐืงึถืœ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึธื–ึถื” ื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึดืกึผึดื™ืจื•ึนื˜ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึดื›ึผึปืœึผึธื, ืกึดื™ืจื•ึนื˜ึธื” ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ืงึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื”' ื‘ึผึทืกึผื•ึนืฃ, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึผืžึธืŸ, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืจึธืฆึธื” ืฉืึถืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐืงึถืœ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึนื—ึท ื ึฐื’ึดื™ื ึธื”[11], ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื ึธืชึธืŸ ื‘ึผึดืงึผึตืจ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืคึผึฐื˜ึดื™ืจึทืช ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ึผื•ึผืง ื‘ึผึฐื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐืงึถืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืœึถืึฑืกึนืฃ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืกึฐืคึดื™ื ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื™ึดืช ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืชึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื ื—ึฒืชึดื™ื›ึทืช ืขื•ึผื’ึธื” ืขึดื ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืชึผึตื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึธื ืœื•ึน ืžึธืืชึทื™ึดื ืจื•ึผื‘ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึธื ืœื•ึน ืžึธืืชึทื™ึดื ื’ึผึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึดื™ืย (-ื’ึผึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึฐื ึธื”), ืึธื– ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึธื”ึถื, ืœึทืงึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื” ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึถืกึถืฃ ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืง ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธื ึดื™ื, ืึธื– ื‘ึผึฐื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื™ึดืช, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื ื•ึนืชึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผื˜ื•ึนืช, ืึธื– ืจ' ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึดื™ืœ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐืจ' ื ึธืชึธืŸ ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืขึดื ื”ึถืœึผึฐืžึฐื˜ึถืจึฐื ึธื”, ืœึฐืžึฐื˜ึฐืจึถื ึผึธื” ื–ึถื” ืคึผึธื ึธืก ืจื•ึผื—ึทย (- ืฉืึถืžึผึตื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึถื” ืžึตื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท), ื’ึผึทื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ื ืœึธื–ึถื” ืœึฐืžึฐื˜ึฐืจึถื ึผึธื”, ืคึผึธื ึธืก ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื–ึถื” ืคึผึธื ึธืก ืฉืึถืžึผึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงึดื™ื ื ึตืจย [ื•ึผืžึตื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึตืจ ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืคึผึธื ึธืก]ย ืึธื– ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึดื ื”ึถืœึผึฐืžึฐื˜ึถืจึฐื ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืฅ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึถืฉืึถื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึถืœึถื’. ืึธื– ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืจ' ื ึธืชึธืŸ ืขึทื“ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย [ืึทื—ึทืจ ืคึผึฐื˜ึดื™ืจึทืช ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”]ย ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ื ึฐื’ึดื™ื ึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ื›ึผึธืœย ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืฉืึถืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ื‘ึผึฐื ึดืกึผึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืง ืžึทืขึฒืžึธื“ ืึตืฆึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ืึธื– ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื”ื•ึนืคึตืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืง ืžึทืขึฒืžึธื“ ืึตืฆึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดืกึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืึธื– ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืœึฐืึทื˜ ืœึฐืึทื˜ ื”ื•ึนืคึตืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื›ึผึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ื›ึผึดื™ย ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื” ื–ึถื” ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™, ื–ึถื” ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™, ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื” ื–ึถื” ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืึทืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื,ย [ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื, ืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ื–ึถื” ื™ึธืจึทื“ ืฉืื•ึผื‘, ืึถืœึผึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™, ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึฐื’ึปืœึฐื’ึผึธืœ ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ...ย (ื”ึธืจึทื‘ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึดืขื•ึผืจึดื™ื)]ย ืจึทืง ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื–ึถื”, ืึทืฃ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืื•ึนืฆึธืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื˜ึผึฐืžื•ึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžึธื”, ืจึทืง ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง.

ืื™ื•ื‘

ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผย ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ "ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื™ึฐืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืžึตืจึทืข"ย (ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื, ื), ืœึนื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง, ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื™ึฐืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืžึตืจึทืข", ื•ึดื™ืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ย [ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื–ึท"ืœ]ย ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ[12], ื”ื•ึผื ื–ึธื›ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐื“ึทืจึฐื’ื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืข ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืžึผึตืฉื ืขึดื ื–ึถื”, "ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืขึธืคึธืจ ื•ึธืึตืคึถืจ" ืจื•ึนืฆึธื” ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืขึธืคึธืจ ื•ึธืึตืคึถืจ.

ื›ึผึดื™ย ื ึดืคึฐื˜ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช, ืžึทื” ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึธื˜ึธื? ื–ึถื” ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื ื•ึนืจึธื ื•ึฐืึธื™ึนื! ืึดื ื—ึทืก ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื™ึถืœึถื“ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื ึดืคึฐื˜ึธืจ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืื•ึนืฉืึตืฉื ืžึดื–ึผึถื”, ืขื•ึนื“ ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึทืช ืึทื—ึทืช?! ื™ื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื ื•ึนืคึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืจึฐืขึดื™ื“ึทืช ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”, ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืกึฐืขึธืจึธื” ืžึทืคึผึดื™ืœึธื” ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืชย [ืžึตืชื•ึผ ืœื•ึน], ืžึทื” ืงื•ึนืจึถื” ืคึผึนื”? ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืžึทื” ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืจ, 'ื™ึฐืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืžึตืจึทืข'.

ืžึนืฉืึถื”ย ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึทืžึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืชึผึดืจึฐืื•ึผ "ื”ึฒื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึตืฅ ืึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ"ย (ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื™ื’, ื›), ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”' ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื? ืคึผึตืจื•ึผืฉื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืขึธืงึฐืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึตืฆึดื™ื. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึตืฆึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ - ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื,ย [ืึถืœึผึธื]ย ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผืฉื 'ืขึตืฅ' ื–ึถื” ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘,ย [ื•ึผืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืงื•ึผ ืึดื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื—ึทื™ ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ืชึผึธื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนื‘ึฐืฉืึธื, ื•ึฐืึดื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึทื™ ื™ื•ึผื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึนืฉื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ][13].

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืฆึผึตืจื•ึผืฃ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ื•ึผื ืžึตื”ึทืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง: "ื”ึทืฉืึฐืงึดื™ืคึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ืžึดืŸึพื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืชึพืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึพื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผ'ื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉ: ื”ึท'ื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึท'ื–ึผึถื” ื”ึท"ย (ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื›ื•, ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–), 'ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืฉื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื”" ื–ึถื” ื”ึทืฆึผึตืจื•ึผืฃ ืฉืึถืœ ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ.

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืกึปื›ึผื•ึนืช, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึถื” ืงึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื, ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื, ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื”ึตื‘ึตืื ื•ึผย (ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉื)ย [ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื]ย ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึตื‘ึดื™ืย (ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉื)ย [ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื]ย ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืชึฐืžื•ึนืœย (ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื)ย [ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืฉื]ย ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื”, ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึทื—ึทืช ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื”, ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืืจึฐืฆึทื™ึฐื˜ ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึถืจ ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึดื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืช, ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึถืจ ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื. ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ื•ึนื ืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ืคึผึทืจ, ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื[14],ย [ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืึปืžึผื•ึนืช][15], ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ืึธืกื•ึผืจย ืฉืึถืฉึผืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช, ื›ึผึธืืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึฐืจึดื™ืงึธื” ื™ึตืฉื 55 ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉืึดื™ื, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืžึตืึธื” ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉืึดื™ื, ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืคึผึนื” ืžึตืึธื” ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืฉืึถืฉึผืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื "ื–ึธื›ึฐืจึตื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืชึฐื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึทืขึทื ึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื", ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึฐืฉืึดื™ื "ืžึดื™ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ ืึทื‘ ื”ึธืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื™ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื™ื• ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื", ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถืฉึผืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช, ืึฒืžึทืฆึฐื™ึธื” ื–ึธืจึทืง ืขึถืฉื‚ึถืจ ืึถืœึถืฃ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึถื“ื•ึนืžึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืง[16], ืึธื– ื”' ืึธืžึทืจ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืชึผึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช[17], ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึธื›ึถื ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ืœึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ืฉืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™, ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืžื•ึผืช[18].

ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืžึทืŸย ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึผื ืึณื ึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึนื ื˜ึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื[19], ืฉืื•ึผื ืึฒื•ึดื™ืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึนื ื ึธืคึทืœ |[20]|, ืฉืื•ึผื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืœึนื ืžึตืช, ืฉืื•ึผื ืึณื ึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึนื ื˜ึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” "ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”", ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน ื”ื•ึผื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืฉืึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื”ย [ืฉืึถืžึผื•ึนืกึดื™ืคึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึถื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื” ื”ึดื™ื:]ย "ืžึดื™ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ ืึทื‘ ื”ึธืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื ื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื™ึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื™ื• ืœึฐื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื" ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึปืžึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึถื ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถืœึถื, ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื™ึตืฉื ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ื ึดื™ืฆื•ึนืฅ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ืฆื•ึนืฅ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง, ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื’ึทืœึผื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึดื™ืฆื•ึนืฅ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืึดื™ื, ื™ึตืฉื ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ึทืืจึฐื“ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื™ื ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” 14 ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ึทืืจึฐื“ ืึธื– 50 ื“ึผื•ึนืœึธืจ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ื˜ึดื™ืกึธื” ืœึฐืึปืžึผึธืŸ |[21]|. ืึธื– ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน, ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน, ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื.

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ

ื•ึฐืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื•ย ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึดื™ื ืœึทื™ึผึธืืจึฐืฆึทื™ึฐื˜ ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึนื ื ื•ึนืกึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึฐืื•ึผืžึธืืŸ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื”, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ื‘ึผึทื—ึถื“ึถืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืื•ึนืชึฐื›ึถื, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืึธื“ึธื ืฉืึถืขึธื‘ึทืจ ืžึตื—ึถื“ึถืจ ืœึฐื—ึถื“ึถืจ[22], ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื—ึทื™ ื•ึฐืงึทื™ึผึธื. ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืึดื ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ืœื•ึนืžึตื“ ื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ืฉืื•ึผื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึธื”,ย ืึดื ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ื™ึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดืกึผื•ึนืขึท ืœึฐืึปืžึผึธืŸ ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึทืขึทื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื–ื•ึผื– ืึถืฆึฐืœื•ึน ืฉืื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจย [ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื—' ื—"ื‘]ย ืฉืึถืœึผึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฆึตืœ ืžึดืžึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ื–ึถื” ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื[23], ืึธื“ึธื ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืžึนื—ึท, ื–ึถื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื’ื•ึผืœึฐื’ึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธื ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึนื—ึธื, ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึนืฉืึถืช ื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึทืœึผึตื™ ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึนื—ึธื ืœึฐืžึทืœึผึตื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื”, ืœึฐืžึทืœึผึตื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื”.

ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”ย ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื™"ื‘ ืฉืึถืžึผึดืœึผึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื—ึปืžึผึธืฉื ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึทืžึฐื“ึธืŸ[24], ืœึดืงึผื•ึผื˜ึตื™ ืžื•ึนื”ึทืจึท"ืŸ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื—ึปืžึผึธืฉื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึดืงึผื•ึผื˜ึตื™ ืžื•ึนื”ึทืจึท"ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืื•ึนืช ื–ึถื” ืกื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ื ื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ื[25]ย ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืžึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึดื™ื ืœึทืกึผื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”?ย ืจึทืง ืึดื ืึธื“ึธื ืœื•ึนืžึตื“ ื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื, ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึผื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืงึผื•ึผื˜ึตื™ ืžื•ึนื”ึทืจึท"ืŸย ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›"ื |[26]|, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผึธื” ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึฐืœึธืงึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื”, ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึถื‘ึทืข ื˜ึฐืคึธื—ึดื™ื ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ืงึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื” ื–ึถื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืคึทืข ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนืงึดื™, ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึทืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืคึทืข ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนืงึดื™[27].

ืœึฐืคึดื™ย ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื ืžึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืžึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื” ืคึผึทืขึฒืžึทื™ึดื, ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื[28]ย ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื” ืœึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื, ืžึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ื™ึดืคึฐืกึนืง ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื, ืžึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื” ืคึผึทืขึฒืžึทื™ึดื, ื‘ึผึทืžึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื” ื™ึตืฉื ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ืงึธื ึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึฐื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื”ึดื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงื•ึผ ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึตืฉื ื ึตืจื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืžึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ 'ื™ื•ึนื', 56 ื ึตืจื•ึนืช, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื”ึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื ืฉืึถืžึผึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืคึผึทืขึฒืžึทื™ึดื, ืคึผึทืขึฒืžึทื™ึดื ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึตืฉื ื–ึถื” ืžึตืึธื” ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึตื”, ื’ึผึดื™ืžึทื˜ึฐืจึดื™ึธื ื‘ึผึธืงึด"ื™ โ€“ ื™ึทื‘ึผึน"ืง, ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื ึผื•ึนืกึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึฐืื•ึผืžึธืืŸ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืงึดื™ึผึถื‘, ืœึธืžึผึธื”? ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช 'ื™ึทื‘ึผึนืง', ืึธื– ื”ึทืกึผื•ึนื›ึฐื ึดื™ื ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐืกึทื“ึผึตืจ ื“ึผึทื•ึฐืงึธื ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืงึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธืจ 'ื™ึทื‘ึผึนืง', ืื•ึนืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช 'ื™ึทื‘ึผึนืง'.

ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื”ย ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ืœึดืคึผึนืœ ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ื ึฐืคึดื™ืœึธื”[29], ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื–ึถื” ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืœึฐื”ึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึตื—ึธื“ึธืฉื, ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืœึฐื”ึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึตื—ึธื“ึธืฉื ืœึฐื’ึทืžึฐืจึตื™.

ื•ึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ย ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืข ืžึทื” ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืจ, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ "ื”ึฒื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึตืฅ ืึดื ืึทื™ึดืŸ"ย (ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื™ื’, ื›), ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึดื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื—ึทื™ ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึนืฉื ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœย (ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”), ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื–ึถื”, ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึดื ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ืขึดื ืฉืึถื‘ึทืข ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ืžึธืŸ ืžึตื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื, ื‘ึผึฐืึตืจึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืœึนื ื ื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึนืฉื ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื—ึทื™, "ืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืขื•ึผืฅ ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืชึผึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื•ึดื™ืจึตื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืžึตืจึธืข"ย (ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื, ื), ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ[30], ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืขึทืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ.

ืœื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ

ื›ึผึดื™ย ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืชึผึถืจึทื—[31], ืœึธืžึผึธื”? ื›ึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืกึดื™ืงึฐืชึผึธืย [ืžื–]ย ืฉืึถืึดื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดืชึฐืœื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึถืึฑืœึนืงึตื™ ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘[32], ืึดื ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ืžึดืชึฐืœื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืœื•ึน, "ืžึทื” ื™ึผึดืชึฐืื•ึนื ึตืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื—ึธื™"ย (ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื’, ืœื˜), ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™, ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื™ึฐื›ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืึนื›ึถืœ, ืึดื ื™ึตืฉื ืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื–ึดื™ื ืึธื– ืึธื“ึธื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื”, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึถื—ึธื“ ื—ึทื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืฉืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ืจึทืง ืขึดื ืžึธืจึธืง ืชึผึทืคึผื•ึผื—ึตื™ ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” |[33]|.

ืึธื–ย ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื’ืœื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึธื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื“ึธื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘, 'ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธืจ ื™ึฐืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืกึธืจ ืžึตืจึทืข', ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืžึทื” ื”ึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน,ย [ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื–ึผึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถ]ื”ื•ึผื ืžึตื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื”ื•ึผื ืžึตื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื, ืžึตื’ึตืŸ ืขึทืœ ืึปืžึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“, ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึธืชึทืง ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืฆึทืช ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื”[34], ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึนื”ึทืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ืฉืึธืชึทืง[35], ื”ื•ึผื ืึธืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื‘ึผึตื“ ื•ึฐืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ืคึผึถืจึถืšึฐ, ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐืขึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐื—ึทืกึผึตืœ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืื•ึนืชึธื, ืึธื– ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึนื, ืœึนื ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ย [ืจึทืง ืœึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื‘ึผึตื“], ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนย [ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืขึตืฅ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื”]ย ื‘ึผึธืจึทื—, ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ืึธืžึทืจ ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึธื’ึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึธืฆื•ึผ ืœึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืึธื– ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึธืจึทื—, ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื. ื”ึตืย (- ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐืขึธื)ย ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืฉืึธื” ื™ื•ึนืขึฒืฆึดื™ื.

ืœึฐืคึดื™ย ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ืฉืึถืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืขึตืฅ ืฉืึถืœ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืึธื– ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืขึดื ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉื ืฉืึถืœ "ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื“ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืจึฐืžึธื” ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑืฆื•ึผ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ื”ึถื".ย [ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ื—ึทื™ ืคึผึธื—ื•ึนืช ืžึด-35 ืฉืึธื ึธื”][36], ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืชย [ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึดืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ืขึทืœ ืขึทื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ

ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื”ึทืžึฐื‘ึนืึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึทืช ื—ึปืžึผึทืฉื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืช]ย ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึทืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดืย [ื•ึฐื›ึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืžึผึตืช ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ึธืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึตืขึธื” ืฉืึถื—ึทื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” 35 ื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื—ึทื™ 123 ืฉืึธื ึธื” ืงึนื“ึถื, ื•ึฐื™ึธืขึทืฅ ืœึฐืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืœึฐืฉืึทืขึฐื‘ึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึทื“ึผึตืขึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืขึตืฅ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทื“ึผึทืื™ ืฉืึถื—ึทื™ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึด123 ืฉืึธื ึธื”].

ืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉืย ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ื ื•ึนืœึทื“, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืžึผึดืจึฐื™ึธื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึธืœื•ึนืฉื ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืชย [ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื], ื•ึฐืœึธื›ึตืŸ ืงึธืจึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ืขึทืœ ืฉืึตื ื”ึทืžึผึฐืจึดื™ืจื•ึผืช[37], ืฉืึถืขึทืžึฐืจึธื ืจึธืึธื” ืฉืึถืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ื•ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืช ื ื•ึนืจึธืื•ึนืช. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืขึทืžึฐืจึธื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืช, ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœื•ึน ืึทื‘ึผึธื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืช.

ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธืย [ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึธืขึธื”]ย ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ื—ึธืžึตืฉื, ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ื ื•ึนืœึทื“ ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึตืฉื, ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ื ึดืคึฐื˜ึทืจ ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืœ ืžึตืึธื” ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึตืฉื, ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื›ึถื‘ึถื“ ืขื•ึนื“ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื”, ื™ื•ึนื›ึถื‘ึถื“ ืจึธืึฒืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืฉืึธื” ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ืย (- ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึผืžึนืฉืึถื”)ย ื ึดืคึฐื˜ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ, ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ืกึธืŸ, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื' ืึธื‘[38].

ืจึทืงย ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืืจึฐืฆึทื™ึฐื˜ ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื”, ืœึนื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ืย [ืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐื˜ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐ-]ย ื–' ืึฒื“ึธืจ, ื™ึตืฉื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื–' ืฉืึฐื‘ึธื˜[39], ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื–' ืึฒื“ึธืจ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ื™ึธืืจึฐืฆึทื™ึฐื˜ ืœึนื ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืชึผึทื ึท"ืš ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ึผื ื™ึธืืจึฐืฆึทื™ึฐื˜, ืœึนื ืฉืึถืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื‘ื•ึผืขื•ึนืช, ืจึทืง ืฉืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ, ืœึธืžึผึธื”? ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึผืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื, ื”ื•ึผื ืจึธืึธื” ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืœื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธืžึทื“ ืึดื™ืชึผึธื, ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืžึธืกึทืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืžึตืึนื”ึถืœ ืœึธืึนื”ึถืœ, ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึนื”ึธืœึดื™ื, ื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ, ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืขื•ึนื“, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืžึดื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“ ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื |[40]|.

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขืฆื” ื›ื™ ืื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื’ืžืจื

ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ย ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ึดื™ื ืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึตืœึดื™ื ืœึฐืื•ึนืจื•ึนืช,ย ืึธื“ึธื ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ืขึดื ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื™ึดืกึผึทืข ืœึทืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืŸย (ืœึฐืึปืžึผึธืŸ)ย ืžึดื™ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึทืขึทื ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื–ึนืจ ืœื•ึน,ย ื”ึธืจึถื‘ึผึถ'ื” ืึธืžึทืจ[41]ย ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ืึธื“ึธื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ืขึดื ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึนื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช, ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ืขึดื ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึนื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ื–ึถื” ืจึทืง ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื, ืœึฐืžึทืœึผึตื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนื—ึท ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื, ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืฆื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืŸ, ื ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜, ืชึผึธืงึฐืคื•ึน ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ, ืึธื“ึธื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื.

ืึดืฉึผืึธื”ย [ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึฐื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ืึถืช ืžื•ึนื—ึธื”ึผ]ย ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึทื”ึฒืœึธื›ื•ึนืช, ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื”ึดื™ื ืคึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึธื” ืžึดื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึดื™ื ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจึธื, 'ืžึฐื ื•ึนืจึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึธืื•ึนืจ' ืžึฐืœึทืงึผึถื˜ึถืช ืกึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, 'ืฆึฐืึถื™ื ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐืึถื ึผึธื”' ืžึฐืœึทืงึผึตื˜ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื–ึถื” ื—ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธื”, ืฆึฐืึถื™ื ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐืึถื ึผึธื” ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื’ึผึฐืžึธืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ื“ึดื™ืฉื ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืชึผึดืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผ ืึถืช ื–ึถื” ืœึฐืขึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช, ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐืจึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื.

ืึตื™ืšึฐย ืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึฐืกื•ึผ ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื”ื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐื›ึปืœึผึธื ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืฉืึถืคึผึนื” ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึธื– ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื ึดื‘ึฐื”ึฒืœื•ึผ, ื”ึทืžึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึนื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืกึดื™ื, ื”ึทืžึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ืฉืึธื‘ึฐืชื•ึผ, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึทืžึฐืจึทื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ื, ื”ึตื ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืขึทื ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ืœึนื ืžึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ืžึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก, ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืชึธื” ืœึนื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืกึดื™ื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึตื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืฉืึถ-"ืžึดืŸ ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื ึดืœึฐื—ึธืžื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดืžึผึฐืกึดืœึผื•ึนืชึธื ื ึดืœึฐื—ึฒืžื•ึผ"ย (ืฉืึนืคึฐื˜ึดื™ื ื”, ื›).

ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผย ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึธื”, ื“ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนืจึธื” ืจึทืง ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืึดืฉึผืึธื”, ื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื, ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื”? "ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื’ึผื•ึผืฆึธื ื’ึผึธื—ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึดื™ืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ", ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึดืฉึผืึธื”? ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื›ึผึธื–ึถื”, ืึธื– ื”ึดื™ื ืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ื–ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœื•ึผืŸ ื•ึฐื ึทืคึฐืชึผึธืœึดื™ ื”ึตื ืชึผึฐืžึดื™ืžึดื™ื,ย [ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืฆึดื•ึผื•ึผื™ ื”' ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึฐืกึดื™ืกึฐืจึธื, ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท, ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ืžึธืจื•ึนื ื•ึฐืขึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื—ึตื™ืœ ืกึดื™ืกึฐืจึธื].

ื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช:

[1]ย (ื›ื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืคื”, ื’ืžืจื ื•, ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืคื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืคื” ื ื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจื™ื ืคื” ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืก ืœืื•ืžืืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืืœืฃ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื, ืฉื‘ืข ืืœืฃ ื ืื’ืœื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื 'ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื', ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” 'ืื ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื' ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” 'ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื' ืกืคื™ื™ืก - ื—ืœืœ, ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืœ, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.) [2]ย ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช - ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืฉื™ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื’ืขื’ืขื™ื: ืื™ืš ืœื•ืงื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื ื™ื“ื™ื? ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื ื ื™! ... ื›ื™ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืืจ ื‘ื›ื— ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•: ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•.ย (ื”ื™ื ื•)ย ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื— ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ื—ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ืจ ื•ืœืžืฉื›ื” ืืœื™ื•. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื— ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฅ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื—ื–ืจ ื•ืœืžืฉื›ื” ืืœื™ื•. ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•: ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืฅ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ? ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืกืžื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืฅ ืžื•ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืกืžื™ื. ืฉื›ืฉืžื•ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืกื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืงืช ื›ืš, ื•ื›ืฉืžื•ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ืกืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.ย (ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื–ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ)ย ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ื. ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืจืง ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื ื•ื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉื—ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื”ื, ืฉื”ื ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื "ืœ, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื—ืฅ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื’ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื•, ืื ืงื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื—ืฅ ืœืื•ืชื• ืฉื–ืจืงื” ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”, ื•ืื ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื—ืฅ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘: ืืคืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื—ืฅ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื”. ืืš ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื "ืœ, ื”ืฉื™ื‘:โ€ ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืฅ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•:ย (ื”ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืืžืจ ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ืชืคืืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฅ ื›ื "ืœ)ย ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืคืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืžืœื›ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืš ื›ื™ ืื ืžื™ืŸ ื—ืฅ ืื—ื“. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืคืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืžืœื›ื”:โ€ [3]ย ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื•"ืž ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืžื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื“ ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ืึฒืจึดื™ื›ึทืช ื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื” ืชึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึธื” ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”, ื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธื, ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”, ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึทืขึฒืœึดื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืึธื– ืชึผึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื•ึฐื™ึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื“ึฐืงึตื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื“ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื”. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืึธื– ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื™ึธื•ึธืŸ ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ, ื—ึทืก ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืจ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธื ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึทื ึผึท"ืœ ื•ึฐื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ื”ึทืžึฐืจึปื‘ึผึดื™ื ืขึธืžึทื“ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฆึธืจื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึธึนื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื ึตืก ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ื•ึฐืขึธืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื—ึทืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึธืึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึผึฐื—ื•ึผื ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืคึผึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื’ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื“ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื”. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึตืก ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฆึฐืœื•ึนื—ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืœ ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืฉืึถืžึผึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื—ึธืชื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืชึธืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ', ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื•ึธื ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื”, ื˜ึดืžึผึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึธื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐื—ึทืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช. ื•ึฐืึธื– ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธืœึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึตื™ืŸ ืกื•ึนืฃ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึธืจ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื˜ึธืžึตื ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึดื›ึฐื ึนืก ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธืœึตืœ ืฉืึธื ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึตืก ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืคึผึทืšึฐ ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ. ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืฉืึถืขึดืงึผึทืจ ื”ึทื ึผึตืก ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืคึผึดื™ืœื•ึน ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึทืคึผึธืœึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืžึฐืฉืึธืšึฐ ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืœึฐื”ึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืขึธื ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืœึธื ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืคึผึดื™ืœึธื. ืขึดืงึผึทืจ ืชึผึนืงึถืฃ ื”ึทื ึผึตืก ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึทืขึฒืฉึถึนื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึฒืžึดืชึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึถืžึผึฐืงึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืœึทื”' ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึทื›ึฐื ึดื™ืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื”ึดืจึฐื”ื•ึผืจึตื™ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืžึผึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึดื™ื ื•ึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืšึฐ ืื•ึนืจ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ืึถืช ื”' ืœึฐืžึดืงึผึฐื˜ึทื ึผึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื. ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืขึธืฉึธึนื” ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึตืก ื ึดืคึฐืœึธื ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืจึธื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึธืชื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึนืชึธืžื•ึน,ย ื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึธืึฒืžึดืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึดื›ึฐื ึนืก ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธืœึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึธืก ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ, ื“ึผึฐื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื ื”ื•ึผื ื ึฐืงึปื“ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืฉืึฐืชึดื™ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืขึธืžึทื“ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึธืึธืจื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืฉืึธื ื ึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืึตื™ืŸ ืกื•ึนืฃ, ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืขึฒื•ึธื ื“ึผึฐืจึทืขึฒื•ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึทื ึผึท"ืœ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึนื—ึท ื•ึผืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ืœึฐื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื›ึฐื ึนืก ืœึฐืฉืึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืึทื—ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนื—ึท ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึธืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผึธึนืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืœึผึตื—ึท ื•ึผื‘ึฐื–ึนืืช ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึดื›ึฐื ึนืก ืœึฐืฉืึธื ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืœึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืจึทืขึฒื•ึธื ื“ึผึฐืจึทืขึฒื•ึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื ื ึดืคึฐืชึผึทื— ืื•ึนืจ ื”ึธืึตื™ืŸ ืกื•ึนืฃ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘, "ื•ึฐื ึนืขึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ'". ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื, ื›ึผึทืžึฐื‘ึนืึธืจ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” ืฉืึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผื•ึผ ืึธื– ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึธื– ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืคึถื” ืžึธืœึตื, ื•ึผื‘ึดืคึฐืจึธื˜ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื”ึทื ึผึดื›ึฐื‘ึผึธื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ืฉืึถืึธื– ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื›ึผื•ึนืจึฐืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ื•ึฐืึธื– ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึดื™ื, ื›ึผึทืžึฐื‘ึนืึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขึนืฆึถื ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ื”ึผึท ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื ึถื—ึฑืฉืึธื‘ ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธืย ื•ึผื›ึฐืขึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื›ึผึธืชึทื‘ ืฉืึธื ืึฒื“ื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืจึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืขึทืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ืžึดื™ ื’ึผึธืจึทื ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึนื“ึถื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื–ึผึธื›ึทืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึทื•ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื ึถื—ึฑืฉืึทื‘ ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึดืชึฐื•ึทื“ึผึธื” ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•, ืขึทื™ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึธื.ย ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึนื—ึท ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืœึดื›ึฐื ึนืก ืœึดืคึฐื ึทื™ ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืจึทืขึฒื•ึธื ื“ึผึฐืจึทืขึฒื•ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื•ึดื“ึผื•ึผื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื, ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื“ึผึทื™ึฐืงึธื ื ึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืึตื™ืŸ ืกื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืจึทืขึฒื•ึธื ื“ึผึฐืจึทืขึฒื•ึดื™ืŸย ื•ึฐื›ึทื ึผึท"ืœ: [4]ย ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ - ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื˜ ืคืกืงื” ื• ย ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืœื™ืš ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื"ืจ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืœืš ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื˜ืขื ืคืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืงื” ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ย (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื”)ย ื›ื™ ืืงื— ืžื•ืขื“ ืื ื™ ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื ืืฉืคื•ื˜ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ย (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“)ย ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืงืคืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืคืื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื™ืŸ ืžื›ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื›ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื™ื ื“ืฆืคื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ย (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื‘)ย ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืชื™ ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ย (ืฉื)ย ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ื ื•ืœื ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ื ืืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื’ืœื• ืœืžืฉื” ื ื’ืœื• ืœืจ"ืข ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื•ย (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื—)ย ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืงืจ ืจืืชื” ืขื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื™ื• ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืจืžื– ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืš ืงื™ื™ืžืช: [5]ย ืžื’ืœื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื ย ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื"ืจ ืžืื™ืจ ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ย (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜)ย ื•ืœื™ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื• ืจืขืš ืืœ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉ"ืจ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ืข ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืงืจ ืจืืชื” ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื” ืžืฉืจืข"ื” ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืจืžื– ื‘ืžื™ืœืช ื™ืงืจ ืกื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืื™ืย (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜ื–)ย ื™ืงืจ ื•ืจ"ืข ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืงืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืจืง ืœืืœืฃ ื–ืขื™ืจื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื“ ืื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื™' ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื–ื›ื” ืžืฉื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืจ"ืข ื•ื›ืŸ ืืœืฃ ื–ืขื™ืจื ื‘ื’ื™ืž' ืจ"ืข ืฉื”ืจืื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื™"ื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืฉ ื“ืขืชื• ืขื“ ืฉืฉืžืข ื›ืš ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืื– ื ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื˜ืขื ื™"ื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืคื™' ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ืš ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื™"ื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ืžื™"ื— ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ื” ื”' ืืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืค' ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื™"ื— ืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื™"ื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจ"ืข: [6]ย ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื' ืชื•ืจื” ื™' ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”' ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึตืฆึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืขื•ึผืฆึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึทืึฒื•ึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื”, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ย (ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึตื™ ื˜"ื–): "ืชึผื•ึนืขึฒื‘ึทืช ื”' ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื‘ึทื”ึผ ืœึตื‘"ย (ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื“ึผึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืกื•ึนื˜ึธื” ื“:), ื”ึธืขึดืงึผึธืจ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึดืชึฐืงึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืœึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื, ื›ึผึทืžึผื•ึผื‘ึธื ื‘ึผึทืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผื ึดื™ืย (ืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื›ื ืž"ื—:): 'ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ืจื•ึผื—ึธื, ืึดืชึฐืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ืึตืœ ืึทื—ึตืจ'; ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืจื•ึผื—ึธื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ย (ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ื›"ื–): "ืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผื•ึน", ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืข ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื’ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื”ึผึท, ืึตืœ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื•ึฐื ึทืขึฒืฉึถึนื” ืžึตืึทื—ึตืจ, ืึถื—ึธื“, ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืฆึธื ื“ึผึฐืื•ึนืช ื“'ย (ืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื›ื ื "ื”:), ืฉืึถืžึผึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ย (ื™ึฐื—ึถื–ึฐืงึตืืœ ืœ"ื–): "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืžึตืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึนืึดื™ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท". ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืขึธื”, ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸย (ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึดื™ื ื‘): "ืชึผึฐืจึนืขึตื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื‘ึถื˜ ื‘ึผึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ"ย (ืชึผึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื™"ื— ื•ึฐืชืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื›"ื), ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื’ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื”ึผึท, ืึตืœ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ืจื•ึนืช:โ€ [7]ย ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื—ืœืง ื• ื›ื–โ€ ื›ึผึทื™ึผึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืชึผึตื›ึถืฃ ืฉืึถื—ึธื–ึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึท"ืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉึฐึนืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื™ึทืฉึผืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืœึทืื˜ึดื™ืคึผึธืืœึดื™ ื ึดืชึฐืขื•ึนืจึฐืจึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืžึตื ื•ึผ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”ย (ื›ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ), ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืึธื– ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทื—ื•ึผืช ืœึฐืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืฉืึฐืœื•ึนืžึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึทืชึผึธื ึธื”ย (ืžึดื ึผึฐืกึดื™ืขึธืชึดื™)ย ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช "ืึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ึธืื‘ึผ ืึทื™ื™ืšึฐ ื’ึดื™ื‘ึผึฐืจึตื™ื ึฐืงึฐื˜ ืึท ืžึทืชึผึธื ึธื” = ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช.โ€ [8] ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช - ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื ย ื›ื™ ืจ"ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉืžืืœื• ืชื—ืช ืœืจืืฉื™ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื”"ื› ื”ืื™ืจื• ื•ื ืชืžืชืงื• ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื ืข"ื™ ืื™ืžื ืขื™ืœืื” ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™' ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืชื—ื‘ืงื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—' ืขืฆืจืช ืื– ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื•ื’ ืžืžืฉ ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ืคืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: [9]ย ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืงืžืโ€ ืคึผึทืขึทื ืคึผึธื ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึฐืœ ืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ "ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ: ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™, ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึดืฉืึฐืึนืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืฉืึฐืึตืœึธื”, ืื•ึผืœึธื ืžึฐืคึทื—ึตื“ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœึดืฉืึฐืึนืœ, ื•ึผืฉืึฐืึธืœื•ึน ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ: "ืžึดืžึผึทื” ื”ึดื ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึฐืคึทื—ึตื“?" ืขึธื ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึฐืœ: "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐืคึทื—ึตื“, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ: ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึฐืœ ืžื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืึธืžื•ึผืช..." "ืึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ึธืื‘ึผ ืžื•ึนืจึธื ืึทื– ื“ึผึถืขืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื•ึถื•ืขื˜ ื–ึธืื’ึฐืŸ ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึฐืœ ืฉืึฐื˜ึทืืจึฐื‘ึผ ื•ึถื•ืขืœ ืึดื™ืšึฐ ืฉืึฐื˜ึทืืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืŸ". ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ: "ืฉืึฐืึทืœ, ืฉืึฐืึทืœ!" ื•ึฐืฉืึธืึทืœ ืึถืช ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ: "ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืึทืชึผึถื ื’ึผื•ึนืจึฐืžึดื™ื ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึฐื›ึถื ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช? ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐืœึทืื˜ึดื™ืคึผึธืืœึดื™ ื ึดื›ึฐื ึทืกึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื“ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืฉืึฐืึตืœึทืช ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผืช ื›ึผึทื ึผึธื”ื•ึผื’, ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ื–ึถื” ื”ึดืชึฐืขื•ึนืจึตืจ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืฉืึธื ื”ึทืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช, ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐืจึถืกึฐืœึถื‘ ื’ึผึฐืจึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ืžึทื—ึฒืœึนืงึถืช ืขึดื ื”ึธืจึทื‘ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืžึดืžึผึถื–ึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื–". ืขึธื ึธื” ืœื•ึน ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ: "ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื”ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ, "ื’ึผื•ึผื˜ ืึทื– ื“ึผื•ึผ ื”ึธืืกึฐื˜ ื–ึดื™ืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทืื•ึธื•ืืจึฐื ึฐื˜".ย "ืื•ึนื™ืกึฐืคึดื™ืจึฐืŸ ืžึทื™ื™ืŸ ื–ึทืืšึฐ ืึดื™ื– ื ึดื™ืฉืึฐื˜ ื ึธืืจ ืคื•ึผืŸ ืึตื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืื˜ ืฆื•ึผ ืึท ืึทื ึฐื“ึถืขืจ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืื˜ ื ึธืืจ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืคื•ึผืŸ ืึตื™ื™ืŸ ืกึฐืคึผึฐืจึดื™ื–ึฐื‘ึผึถืข ืฆื•ึผ ื“ึผึดื™ ืึทื ึฐื“ึผึถืขืจึถืข, ืึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืื•ึนื™ืกึฐืคึดื™ืจึฐืŸ ืžึทื™ื™ืŸ ื–ึทืืšึฐ".โ€ [10]ย ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืจื›ื‘โ€ ื›ึผึทื™ึผึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืจึธืฆึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึฐื™ืงึฐืœ ื™ึทืขึฒื–ื•ึนื‘ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒืกึธืงึธื™ื• ื•ึดื™ืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืžึดืฉึฐึนืจึทืช ื—ึฒื–ึธื ื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืจึฐื ึตืก ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึทื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐืžึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื–ึนืืช ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: "ืึดื ืชึผึดืกึผึทืข ืขึดืžึผึดื™ ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึถืกึฐืœึถื‘ ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืึทืชึผึธื” ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ, ื”ึทื™ึฐื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒื–ึธื ื•ึผืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื‘ึผึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™"; ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดืžึฐืฉืึดื™ืšึฐ ืœื•ึน ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ื”ึทื ึผึฐื’ึดื™ื ึธื” ืžึดืฉึผืึธืจึฐืฉืึธื”ึผ, ืื•ึผืœึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื”ึดืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ืœึธื–ึนืืชย [ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื ืคืœื” ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืชย (ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื•')].ย (ื•ืข"ืข ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื—"ื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ืก"ื— ื• ืงืž"ื“).โ€ [11]ย ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื—ืœืง ื” ืกื—โ€ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืึธืžึทืจ ืคึผึทืขึทื ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ื™ืงึฐืœ: ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึฐืšึธ ืžึดืฉึฐึนืจึทืช ื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธื ื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืึทืชึผึธื” ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื‘ึผึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื‘ึผึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ืœึธื–ึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ื™ืงึฐืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืจึฐื ึตืก ืžึดืชึผึฐืžึดื™ื›ึธืชึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ' ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ'. ื•ึผืคึทืขึทื ืึทื—ึทืช ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทืœึผึฐืงื•ึผืชื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžื•ึนื”ึทืจึฐื ึท"ืชึผึฐ ื–ึท"ืœ ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืจึดื™ืžึถื ึฐื˜ึฐืฉืื•ึผืง ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื•ึผืคึธื’ึทืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ื™ืงึฐืœ, ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ื™ืงึฐืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึผึท"ืœ, ื•ึผื›ึฐืžึดืชึฐืคึผึธืึตืจ ืขึทืœ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฆึดื™ึผึตืช ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ื•ึนืฆึตื ืœื•ึน ืžึดืžึผึดืฉึฐึนืจึธื” ื–ื•ึน. ื’ึผึธืขึทืจ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžื•ึนื”ึทืจึฐื ึท"ืชึผึฐ ื–ึท"ืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: ืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดืŸ ืึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืžึดืชึฐื—ึธืจึตื˜ ืขึทืœ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ? "ื ึธืืšึฐ ื”ึธืืกึฐื˜ื•ึผ ื ึดื™ืฉืึฐื˜ ืงึตื™ื™ืŸ ื—ึฒืจึธื˜ึธื” ื•ึธื•ืืก ื“ึผื•ึผ ื”ึธืืกึฐื˜ ื“ึถืขื ืจึถืขื‘ึผึฐืŸ ื ึดื™ืฉืึฐื˜ ื’ึดื™ืคึธืืœึฐื’ึฐื˜?"โ€ [12]ย ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื“ืฃ ื˜ื• ืข"ื‘ ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื“ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืชื”, ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ืชื™ื‘: ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื [ื•ืกืจ ืžืจืข]. [13]ย ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื˜ื• ืข"ื ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื”, ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื: ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื•ืฅ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืžื•, ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื: ื”ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืฅ. ืžื™ ื“ืžื™? ื”ื›ื ืขื•ืฅ, ื”ืชื ืขืฅ! ื”ื›ื™ ืงืืžืจ ืœื”ื• ืžืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื™ืฉื ื• ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ืฉืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ืขืฅ ื•ืžื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืขืฅ. [14] ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช 13ย ื' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ 12 ื‘' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ 11 ื’' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ โ€“ ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืจื‘ื™ื”"ืง 10ย ื“' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ 9ย ื”' ื“ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ 8ย ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื ืจื‘ื” 7 = 70 [15]ย ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ืข"ื‘ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ย (ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ)ย [ืืœืขื–ืจ]ย ื”ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช [16]ย ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ืคืจืง ื›ื” (ื™ื)ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืฆึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทื–ึผึทืง ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึฐื”ึทื’ ืึถืชึพืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื’ึผึตื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึทื— ื•ึทื™ึผึทืšึฐ ืึถืชึพื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ึพืฉื‚ึตืขึดื™ืจ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื:ย (ื™ื‘)ย ื•ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืจึถืช ืึฒืœึธืคึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผื ืœึฐืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืกึผึธืœึทืข ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื›ื•ึผื ืžึตืจึนืืฉืึพื”ึทืกึผึถืœึทืข ื•ึฐื›ึปืœึผึธื ื ึดื‘ึฐืงึธืขื•ึผ: [17]ย ย ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื›ื” - ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคืกืงื” ื™ื“ ืฉื—ืงืชื™ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืืžืฆื™ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจย (ืฉื ื›"ื”)ย ื•ืืžืฆื™ื”ื• ื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ื ื”ื’ ืืช ืขืžื• ื•ื™ืœืš ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ืžื”ื• ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ืชื—ืช ื›ืคื™ ื”ืžืœื— ืชื—ืช ื›ืคื•ื™ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืขืฉืจืช ืืœืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืกืœืข ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื›ื•ื ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื’ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืืœื ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืืœื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืื•ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืกืœืข ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื›ื•ื ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืงืขื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื” ืืœื• ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื’ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื’ืœื• ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ื›ื”: [18]ย ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื–, ืข"ื ื”ื”ื•ื ืฆื“ื•ืงื™ ื“ื”ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื” ืงื ืžืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืงืจืื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื—ื“ ืฉืงืœ ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื ื•ืื•ืงืžื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืจืขื™ื” ื“ืขืจืกื ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื˜ื ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ืืœื˜ื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืžื˜ื ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืชื ื ื™ื™ื ืืžืจ ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื” ืœืื• ืื•ืจื— ืืจืขื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื’ื ืขื ื•ืฉ ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ [19] ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืจืžื– ืกื”ย ืืžืจ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” [ื™"ื‘, ื’] ืืคื™' ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœืืกืคืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ืš ื‘ืš ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืื‘ื™ื” ื•ื ืขืžื” ื”ืขืžื•ื ื™ืช: [20]ย ืคื” ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืจืง ื›ืฉื ื•ืคืœ ื’'ืžื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื ื™ื” ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื”. [21] ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ืขืœ ื–ื”...ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืกื•ืข ื‘50 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื•ื™ื ื™ืฆื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืกืชื ืžื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืกืชื ืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ...ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื 7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืืœื 14, ื–ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ... [22] ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืื•ืช ืงื ื•ย ื•ืืžืจ ืื–: ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืžื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื. ื›ื™ ืžื™ืชืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื“ืจ ืœื—ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ. ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืื– ืœื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•: ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืขืชื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื“ืจ ื–ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืกื•ื’ืจ ื”ื“ืœืช ืื—ืจื™. ืื ืืชื” ืชื‘ื•ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ืœืช ื•ืชืฆืขืง ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ ื•ื›ื•' ืœื ืืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ืš?! ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืคื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืจืžื– ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืžืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื. ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ื“ืืคืฉืจ. [23] ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืชื™ื ื ืชื•ืจื” ื—ย ื•ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืจืข ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืคืœื”, ื•ืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืœื•ืŸ ืœืขืžืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื”ื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื–ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืข, ืฉื ืื—ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชืจ, ื˜ืžื ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืคืกื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื•ืจื”; ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข; ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืจืข ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชย (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™"ื): "ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืจืขื” ืชื‘ื•ืื ื•"; ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ืคืกืง ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžืชืจ ื•ื›ื•', ื“ื”ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ื“ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืื–ื™ ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืจืข. ืืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื•ืŸ ืœืขืžืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืคืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื›ืœ:โ€ [24] ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ย ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืจื•ึนืึดื™ื, ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึธืจึนื‘ ื”ึทืœึผื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื—ื•ึนืœึฐืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื“ื•ึนื‘ึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืขึธืชึธืง ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืึฒื•ึธื” ื•ึธื‘ื•ึผื–, ื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึธืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตืึตืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ. ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐืœึธื‘ึธืŸ: ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ื”ึทืžึฐื—ึทื“ึผึตืฉื ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉืึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืื•ึนืจึทื™ึฐืชึธื ื•ึฐืœื•ึนืžึตื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘ื•ึน ื’ึผึธื ื•ึผื– ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืฆึธืคื•ึผืŸ ืœึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ, ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”: 'ืœึฐืžึธื—ึธืจ ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืฉึฐึนื›ึธืจึธื' (ืขึตืจื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื›ื‘.); ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืฉึผึฐึนื›ึธืจื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึผื•ึนืฃ, ืขึทืœ ืฉืึตื ื–ึถื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืขึธืงึตื‘ ื•ึธืกื•ึนืฃ, ืฉึฐึนื›ึธืจื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึผื•ึนืฃ. ื•ึฐืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธื, ืฉืึต"ื“ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ (ื), ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื™ึทื”ึตืจ ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื ึฐื˜ึตืจ, ื•ึฐืชึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธื ื›ึผึธื–ึถื”, ื ึฐื‘ึตืœึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื”ึตื™ืžึถื ึผื•ึผ (ื•ึทื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ื, ืขึทื™ึผึตืŸ ืžึทืชึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื ึธื”):โ€ ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท, ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธื ืึถืœึผึธื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“ ื—ึปืžึผึธืฉื ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ื—ึธื›ึธื, ืึถืœึผึธื ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึธืงึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐืžึธืจึธื ื•ึผืคื•ึนืกึฐืงึดื™ื. ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืœึผื•ึนืžึตื“ ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ื“ึผึทืขึทืช, ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ, ืขึทืœ ืฉืึตื ืขึทืจึฐืžึดื™ืžึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึธืก ื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐืฉึนื•ึนื ึตื ื•ึฐืจื•ึนื“ึตืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื, ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึนืŸ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐื›ึดื™ื ึฐืชึผึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืชึผึฐืจึตื™ืŸ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึทื™ึผึธื ื™ึธืชึฐื‘ึธื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึนื”ึทืจย (ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึตื ืงื ื’:, ื•ึทื™ึผึฐื—ึดื™ ืจืžื”:):โ€ [25] ื—ื™ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืื•ืช ืฉืžื—ย (ื˜)ย ืึธืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ื™ึตืฉื ืขึทืžึฐืงื•ึผืช. ื•ึฐืขึทื™ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ืฉืึถื ึผึดืจึฐืฉืึทื ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึทื—ึตืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื” ืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐืชึผึทื‘ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื“ึทืงึฐื“ึผึตืง ื‘ึผื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืงึฐืจึธื. ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืคึผึทืขึทื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื• ืฉืึถื ึผึดืจึฐืึถื” ืœึดื›ึฐืื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉึฐึนืคึทืช ื™ึธืชึตืจ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทื•ึผึธื ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื”. ื•ึผืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื“ึทืงึฐื“ึผึตืง ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึฐืึนื“ ื›ื•ึผ. ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึดึนื™ื ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื”ึตื™ื˜ึตื‘ ืœึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึน ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึดื–ึฐืขึธืจ ืžึตืขึนืฆึถื ื”ึธืขึทืžึฐืงื•ึผืช ื”ึทื ึผึดืคึฐืœึธื ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึดืกึฐืคึธืจึธื™ื•, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื“ึผึปื’ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืกึตืคึถืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื• ืขึทืžึฐืงื•ึผืช ื ึดืคึฐืœึธื ื•ึฐื ึธืขึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึดืกึฐืคึธืจึธื™ื• ื”ึทืงึผึฐื“ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื:โ€ [26]ย ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื›"ื ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืžืฉื”ื•. [27] ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ - ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ืงืžื ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ืย ย ื•ืฉืคืข ืืœืงื™ ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืกื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืกื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืคืข ืืœืงื™. ื•ืกื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ื• ืกื›ื”, ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉืคืข ืืœืงื™. ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ื— ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข. [28] ืฉื™ื— ืฉืจืคื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ื ื•โ€ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืึธืžึทืจ: "ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฆึฐื˜ึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึตื™ื“ึทืข ืึตื™ื–ื•ึน ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”, ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ื•ึดื™ืขึทื™ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึธืจึทืžึฐื‘ึผึท"ื ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ "ืžื•ึนืจึถื” ื ึฐื‘ื•ึผื›ึดื™ื" ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒืงึดื™ืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื—ึดื‘ึผึตืจ ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึตืœ"โ€ [29] ืžื•ื‘ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืงื ื” ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื, ื”ึทื™ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธืจึตื ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืขึทืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื˜ึผื•ึผืœ ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืœ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธืชื•ึน, ืจึทืง ืขื•ึนืฉึถึนื” ืึถืช ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน, ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืคึผึทื™ึดื. ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทืœึฐื‘ึผึตืœ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืึดื›ึฐืคึผึทืช ืœึตื”ึผ ืฉืื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ, ืจึทืง ืขื•ึนืฉึถึนื” ืึถืช ืฉืึถืœึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธืชื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ:โ€ [30] ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื˜ื• ืข"ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืืœ ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืช ืœื‘ืš ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื’ื•' - ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื“ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื ืืชื”, ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ืชื™ื‘: ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ื™ืฉืจ ื™ืจื ืืœื”ื™ื [ื•ืกืจ ืžืจืข]. ืžืื™ ื•ืกืจ ืžืจืข? ื"ืจ ืื‘ื ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ: ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื•ืชืจืŸ ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ื”ื™ื”, ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื - ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฆื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืœื—ื ื•ื ื™, ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžืฉืœื•. [31] ืฉืขืจ ื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื•ย ืฉืจืฉ ืชืจื— ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืชืจื—, ืื™ื•ื‘, ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืื™ื‘ื•, ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื ื—ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื’ื ื–ื•, ืžืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉืžื”: [32] ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืคืจืฉื” ืžื–ย ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื•ืืžืฆืื”ื•. ืืฉืจื™ ืื“ื ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงืจื ืชื’ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื"ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืจ ืคืคื ืื™ื•ื‘ ืืœื•ืœื™ ืœื ืงืจื ืชื’ืจ ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืขื›ืฉื• ืืœื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืืœื”ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื”ื™ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ืขืฉื”, ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื‘ืขื˜ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื•ืืžืฆืื”ื•, ืžื™ื“ ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื” ืฉื ื˜ืœืชื™ ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”' ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื•', ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ืš ืขืฆื” ื‘ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืคื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืื ืื—ืคืฉ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื ื™, ืื“ืขื” ืžืœื™ื ื™ืขื ื ื™ ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื” ื™ืืžืจ ืœื™, ืืžืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ื•, ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืŸ ืงื“ื ืื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืื™ื ื ื•, ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•, ืœืฆืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืืœ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืื—ื–, ืœื“ืจื•ื ื™ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืืจืื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชื™ื’ืข ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ืš ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื ื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฆืžืฆื ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขืจื” ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”' ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขืจื”. [33] ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืฉื—ืกืš ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืชื• ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ, ืื– ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืืžืจื• ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืจืง ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืงื•ื ื” ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื–ื” ืžืจืง ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ. ื”ืจื‘'ื” ืืžืจ "ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื’ืจืงืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜"ย [ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืœื—ื ื•ืžืœืคืคื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื]. "ื•ื‘ืืจืฉื˜ย (- ืžื™ืฅ ืกืœืง)ย ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื’ืจืงืขืก", ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ืžื‘ืืจืฉื˜ย (ืžื™ืฅ ืกืœืง)ย ืจืง ืžื—ื‘ื™ืชื”, ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืจืคื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ืกืœืง, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืœืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืคื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. [34] ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื ืข"ืย ื"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื ื"ืจ ืกื™ืžืื™ ืฉืœืฉื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืฆื” ื‘ืœืขื ื•ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืชืจื• ื‘ืœืขื ืฉื™ืขืฅ ื ื”ืจื’ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืชืง ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจื• ืฉื‘ืจื— ื–ื›ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ืชืจืขืชื™ื ืฉืžืขืชื™ื ืกื•ื›ืชื™ื ื”ืžื” ื”ืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ ื—ืชืŸ ืžืฉื” ื•ื’ื•'. [35] ื–ื”ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืœื’, ืข"ืย ื•ึฐื›ึนืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื ืึธืชึธื. (ืก"ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”) ื›ึผึฐืžึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึธืŸ, ื”ึธื›ึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐื“ึธืŸ. ื‘ึผึฐื’ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืžึดืงึผึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึตื™ ืขึตื™ื˜ึธื ื“ึผึฐืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื”ึฒื•ึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึทื“ ืงึธื ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืขึธืœึทื™ึฐื™ื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื‘ึผึธืขึธื ืœึฐืงึธื˜ึฐืœึธื ืœื•ึนืŸ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึธื, ืึถืœึผึธื ื˜ื•ึนืœ ืžึธืžื•ึนื ึตื”ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœื•ึนื˜ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผื•ึผืคึตื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐืคื•ึผืœึฐื—ึธื ึธื ืงึทืฉืึฐื™ึธื, ื•ึฐืœึธื ืชึผึดืงึฐื˜ื•ึนืœ ืœื•ึนืŸ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืงื•ึผื“ึฐืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ, ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึดื™ื ึธื ืžึทืžึผึธืฉื, ืชึผึฐื”ึตื ื“ึผึธืึดื™ืŸ, ืžึทื” ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘, (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘') ืื•ึผืœึธื ืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื ึธื ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื’ึทืข ืึถืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ื•ึน'. ื‘ึผึฐืžึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึดื™ื”ื•ึผ ื“ึผึธืŸ, ื”ึธื›ึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐื“ึธืŸ. ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื‘ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึฐืึทืจ ื”ึฒื•ึธื” ื“ึผึธื—ึดื™ืœ ืœึฐืงื•ึผื“ึฐืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื.โ€ โ€[ืชืจื’ื•ื: ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื™ืŸย (ืืฆืœื•). ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธืŸ - ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึดื“ึผื•ึนืŸ. ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ืฉืึถืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืžึดืงึผึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึตืฆึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืขึธืžึทื“ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ืื•ึนืชึธื. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน, ืœึนื, ืึถืœึผึธื ืงึทื— ืžึธืžื•ึนื ึธื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึนื˜ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผื•ึผืคึธื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืงึธืฉืึธื”, ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ืื•ึนืชึธื. ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื, ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึฐ, ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื“ึดื™ืŸ ืžึทืžึผึธืฉื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื ึดื“ึผื•ึนืŸ. ืžึทื” ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘?ย (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘)ย ืื•ึผืœึธื ืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื ึธื ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึฐ ื•ึฐื’ึทืข ืึถืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ื•ึน'. ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผึธืŸ - ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึดื“ึผื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื‘ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืึธืจ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึธืจึตื ืžึตื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื.]โ€ [36] ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื•, ืข"ื‘ย ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ืข ืœืš ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืžื™ื›ืชื‘ ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืœื ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืจืžื” ืœื ื™ื—ืฆื• ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืจ ืชืœืชื™ืŸ ื•ืชืœืช ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืจ ืชืœืชื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ืงืืžืจืช ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–ื™ ืœื™ ืคื ืงืกื™ื” ื“ื‘ืœืขื ื•ื”ื•ื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ืชืœืชื™ืŸ ื•ืชืœืช ืฉื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื ื—ื’ื™ืจื ื›ื“ ืงื˜ื™ืœ ื™ืชื™ื” ืคื ื—ืก ืœื™ืกื˜ืื”. [37] ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘ ืจืžื– ืงืกื”ย ื•ื™ืœืš ืื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื™ ื•ืชื”ืจ ื”ืืฉื” ื•ืชืœื“ ื‘ืช ื•ืชืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื” ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ืœืžืจืจ ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืชื”ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืชืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื•ืชืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื• ืื”ืจืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืคืจืขื” ืœืฉืคื•ืš ื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืืจืฆื” ื•ืžื”ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ: [38] ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ืžื• ืคืกื•ืง ื˜ื•ย ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืœื ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื, ืืœื ื–ื• ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชืŸ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื• ื ื˜) ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื™ื“ืชื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืชื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื‘): ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืย [ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื]ย ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืชื™ืžื”, ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืคืœื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ืžืื” ื•ืฉืœืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขื™ืย ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืœื ื• ื–ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ืขื“ ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืชื•ืจื”ย [ืฉืžืฉื” ืงื•ื“ื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืืžืจ ืœื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“:]ย ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ืืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื—ืžื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ืžืืชื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”ย ื•ื›ื™ ืื—ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ื”, ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: [39] ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื˜ื– ืจืžื– ืจืกื ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื™ ืื•ืžืจย ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื›ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”. ื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ย ืžืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืื“ืจย ื•ืื›ืœื• ื”ื™ืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื•ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืŸ ืžืžื—ืจืช.ย ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจย ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื›ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ย ืžืฉื” ืžืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ย ื•ืื›ืœื• ื”ื™ืžื ื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืจ ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืŸ. [40]ย ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืคื”, ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื•ื™ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื ืจืื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื– ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื‘ืช ืจื‘ืข ืœืฉืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื ืฅ ื•ืฉืฉ ื•ืขืฉืจื” ื–ื” ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืื– ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื“ืคื™ ื’ืžืจื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื“ืคื™ ื’ืžืจื. [41] ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืชื ื™ื ื ืชื•ืจื” ื—ย (ื‘)ย ...ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึธื, ื—ึทืก ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื, ืชึผึทืึฒื•ึทืช ื ึดืื•ึผืฃ,ย ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืžึผึนื—ึท ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื—ึดืฆึผึธื” ืคึผึฐืจื•ึผืกึธื” ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื” ื–ื•ึน,ย ื›ึผึดื™ 'ืึตื™ืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ืขื•ึนื‘ึตืจ ืขึฒื‘ึตืจึธื” ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืก ื‘ึผื•ึน ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐื˜ื•ึผืช'ย (ืกื•ึนื˜ึธื” ื’)ย ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึทืžึผึนื—ึท ื•ึฐื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ืฉืึธืœึตื, ื”ื•ึผื ืžึตื’ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทืึฒื•ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช:โ€

ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจืœื ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืกืคืจ:

ืคึผึฐืชึดื™ื—ึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื โ€” ืชืฉืข"ื•

ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดืจึฐื›ึผึนืฉืโ  ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ืžึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ึผึดื™ืงึดื™ื ืชืฉืข"ื•, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึตื›ึดื™ืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ื ึทืช ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐืœึธื” ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื”, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืึตืœึผื•ึผโ  ื—ึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉืึดื™ื ืžึดืžึผึธืชึทื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืงึดื‘ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™, ื•ึฐืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึดืจึฐื›ึผึนืฉื ืกึตืคึถืจ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึทื”ึฒื’ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื–ึถื” ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” = 177 ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื–ึถื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐื—ึทืกึผึตืจ ืฉืื•ึผื ืžึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืื•ึนืช ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื• ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื˜ ืฉืื•ึผื ืžึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืชึผึตื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืื•ึนืช. ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ื™ึถื”ึฐื’ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื–ึถื” ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื”, ื™ึดืžึผึธืชึฐืงื•ึผ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ื ึดื™ื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึถื—ึธืžึทืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืžึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื ืฉืึถืœ ืึตืฉื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึถื—ึธืžึทืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืึถืช ืžึธืฉืึดื™ื—ึทโ  ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึผึดืคึฐืึทืจึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึดื™ืงึธืจื•ึน, ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื–ึถื” โ€” ื‘ึผึดื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื”ึทืงึผึฐืจึดื™ืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืกึตืคึถืจ ื–ึถื”, ื ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืœึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึตืžึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึธืžึตืŸ ื ึถืฆึทื— ืกึถืœึธื” ื•ึธืขึถื“.

ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”ย ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ืึฑืœึดื™ืขึถื–ึถืจ ื‘ึผึถืจึฐืœึทื ึฐื“